Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men in the United States (other than skin cancer) and the second leading cause of cancer death in American men. Each year, more than 288,000 men are diagnosed, and about 34,000 die from the disease. September’s National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month provides an important opportunity to educate, support, and encourage early detection.

Understanding Prostate Cancer

The prostate is a small gland, about the size of a walnut, located just below the bladder. While prostate cancer often grows slowly, some cases can be aggressive and spread quickly if not caught early. Risk increases with age, and African American men, as well as those with a family history of prostate cancer, face higher risks.

Risk Factors

  • Age: Most common in men over 50
  • Family history: A father, brother, or son with prostate cancer increases risk
  • Race: African American men are at higher risk and may develop more aggressive disease
  • Genetics: Certain inherited mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, may increase risk

Screening and Early Detection

Early prostate cancer usually has no symptoms, which makes screening vital. Prostate cancer screening today primarily relies on the PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) blood test. A digital rectal exam (DRE) can still be useful, but it is no longer recommended as a routine screening test on its own. Instead, it’s sometimes used as a follow-up to a high PSA result or if a provider has concerns based on symptoms or risk factors.

Screening recommendations can vary depending on age, risk level, and family history. Men should talk with their healthcare provider about when to begin screening – often starting the discussion at age 50, or earlier for those at higher risk.

Signs and Symptoms to Watch For

In more advanced stages, symptoms may include:

  • Trouble urinating or weak urine flow
  • Blood in the urine or semen
  • Pelvic discomfort or pain
  • Erectile dysfunction

While these symptoms don’t always mean prostate cancer, they should always be checked by a healthcare professional.

Taking Action This September

National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month is a reminder for men to:

  • Have conversations with their primary care providers about screening
  • Know their family history and risk level
  • Maintain a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, a balanced diet, and not smoking

By raising awareness, encouraging screening, and supporting research, we can improve outcomes and save lives.