OB/GYNs do much more than deliver babies and perform annual exams—they’re also highly trained surgeons who specialize in procedures related to the female reproductive system. Whether it’s to relieve pain, treat a health condition, or support fertility, OB/GYNs perform a wide range of surgeries to help women live healthier, more comfortable lives.

Here’s a look at some of the most common types of surgeries performed by OB/GYNs, and what you should know about each.

1. Hysterectomy (Removal of the Uterus)

A hysterectomy is one of the most frequently performed gynecologic surgeries. It may be recommended for:

  • Uterine fibroids
  • Endometriosis
  • Chronic pelvic pain
  • Heavy or abnormal bleeding
  • Cancer of the uterus, cervix, or ovaries

Types include:

  • Total hysterectomy (removal of uterus and cervix)
  • Partial (supracervical) hysterectomy (removal of uterus only)
  • Radical hysterectomy (removal of uterus, cervix, and part of the vagina, usually for cancer)

Surgical approaches:

  • Vaginal
  • Laparoscopic
  • Abdominal (open surgery)

2. Laparoscopy (Minimally Invasive Surgery)

Laparoscopic surgery uses small incisions and a camera to diagnose and treat various conditions. Common laparoscopic procedures include:

  • Removing ovarian cysts or fibroids
  • Diagnosing and treating endometriosis
  • Performing tubal sterilization (permanent birth control)
  • Treating ectopic pregnancy

Benefits:

  • Shorter recovery time
  • Less pain and scarring
  • Reduced risk of infection

3. Myomectomy (Fibroid Removal)

This surgery removes noncancerous growths called fibroids from the uterus while preserving the uterus itself. It’s a good option for women who want to maintain fertility.

Approaches include:

  • Hysteroscopic (through the vagina and cervix)
  • Laparoscopic
  • Open abdominal

4. Endometrial Ablation

Used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding, this procedure destroys the lining of the uterus. It’s typically recommended for women who are done having children and want a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy.

5. Oophorectomy and Salpingectomy (Removal of Ovaries or Fallopian Tubes)

  • Oophorectomy: Removal of one or both ovaries
  • Salpingectomy: Removal of one or both fallopian tubes

These procedures may be done to treat ovarian cysts, ectopic pregnancy, as part of a hysterectomy, or for permanent sterilization.

Choosing the Right Procedure for You

Every woman’s health journey is unique. If you’re dealing with persistent pelvic pain, irregular bleeding, fertility challenges, or other reproductive health concerns, your OB/GYN will guide you through the right treatment options — surgical or otherwise.

The goal of any gynecologic surgery is to improve your health and quality of life. Thanks to advances in minimally invasive techniques, many procedures today offer faster recovery and fewer complications than ever before.

If you’ve been told you may need surgery — or you’re experiencing symptoms that affect your daily life — schedule a consultation with your OB/GYN to explore your options. Understanding the procedure, recovery, and long-term benefits can help you feel empowered and informed every step of the way.